Nursing in Nigeria, the journey so far and way forward. Dr. B.L. AJIBADE
A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 6TH
BIENNIAL AND 5TH QUADRENNIAL DELEGATE CONFERENCE ORGANISED BY
THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA NURSES
AND MIDWIVES (NANNM)
ON
21ST NOVEMBER, 2012
AT THE
GRAYLAND CULTURAL CENTRE, YENOGOA
BAYELSA STATE
BY
B. L. AJIBADE (RN, Ph. D, FWACN)
LADOKE AKINTOLA
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OGBOMOSO
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING, OSOGBO
NURSING IN NIGERIA
THE JOURNEY SO FAR AND WAY FORWARD
Introduction:-
The
contemporary nurse constantly faces series of technological, managerial,
administrative, political and economic changes involving new ideas, new values
and new problems that may need on the spot decisions and solutions. It is therefore obvious that contemporary nurses
need a new orientation, derived from the study of the past to help them
successfully with developing changes in the health care industry.
The history of nursing in Nigeria
includes many clinical, technological, scientific, social, cultural and
educational aspects with critical implications for all properties required in
modern decision making that could qualify nursing as a full fledged profession,
sui-generis. Therefore, knowledge of
past experience will definitely create a better understanding of the present
and can cast some light on the pathway to planning the future without a
knowledge of the past. Contemporary
nurses therefore need to view their work against a multi-dimensional back-drop
in order to be able to define, classify, appreciate and confront the multiple
and complex problems they have to face constantly with confidence.
Nursing as a profession came into
existence, rested, savoured and consolidated its position by developing its own
language, rituals, ethics, arts and sciences from the physical needs of
patients, the principles and concepts of prevention, its own body of
traditions, attitudes, culture and values which were mainly drawn from the army
and religious orders. High discipline
with stern reprimands formed the foundations of the profession and developed
with it.
The quiet evolution taking place in the
nursing world today, the impact of which is being felt in developing countries
of the world including our own country Nigeria, was largely influenced by
internal and external developmental forces such as the influence of the world
War II, impact of technological and industrial world and the society at large;
tremendous advances in medical sciences and medical technology, changes and
complex structure of hospital organization and management of health care
industry; changing concept of patient care and early ambulation, perennial
shortage of doctors and trained nurses; increased off-shoot of para-medical
professions, the activities of the World Health Organization, a follow-up on
the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 article 25(i)
which states inter alia that “It is to be a fundamental human right for every
person to have a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of
himself and his family including food, clothing, housing medical care and
necessary social services’’ (Adelowo, 1989, P.11). The resultant effect was for people to demand
better health care services of different kinds including the developing role of
nurse which was adopted by the Council of National Representative of the
International Council of Nurses, Mexico
City, Mexico
in May, 1973.
Having perused over the introduction of
the topical issue, it will be imperative on us to have phase by phases
historical perspective of Nursing Growth in Nigeria.
Colonial Era:- Along
with the administrative changes that took place with the establishment of the
Colonial and protectorate of Nigeria
came the need to establish hospitals and nursing homes in important towns in Nigeria. The first government hospital to be founded
in Nigeria
was St. Margret Hopsital, Calabar. It
was established in 1894 with Miss. Margret Graham as the first Nursing
Sister. Miss. Graham was joined by Miss
Jane Mac Cofter who later established the famous Abeokuta Infant Welfare Centre
for the training of Midwives. The Centre
specialized in domiciliary services.
Growth of Scientific
Nursing:- Modern scientific nursing started with the
crusading efforts of the British War Secretary, Sidney Herbert, who organized a
team of nurses led by Miss. Florence Nightingale to the Crimean War (1854 –
1856). Miss. Nightingale combined
Christian ideals, strict discipline and a sense of mission to open the door for
what is known today as the nursing profession.
By the end of the 19th
Century, England and the
Countries of continental Europe had started
the apprenticeship of nurse training.
The rapid changes brought about by the courageous lady, Miss. Florence
Nightingale into British and North America nursing education system and
practice had tremendous impact on the development of nursing education and
practice in Nigeria.
There is no doubt that the standard of
nursing training during the pre-colonial era in the various mission posts which
later formed the nucleus of the various training schools for professional
nurses and midwives was lower than apprenticeship type of training. People recruited had no formal education
other than being loyal housemaid, servants, cooks or stewards to the
missionaries. In short, apart from the
nursing or reverend sisters, all others could at best be regarded as aides.
During the Colonial days, the pervading
British influence had marked the beginning of modern nursing as well as formal
nursing training in Nursing. The
crusading efforts of Florence Nightingale had gained ground, graduates of Florence Nightingale
School had taken over the campaign for
organized and formal training for nurses all over the world, especially to the
British Colonies and protectorates such as Nigeria. By the end of the 19th Century and
early 20th Century, training of nurses and midwives had started in Nigeria. In 1930 formal nursing and midwifery training
had started mostly in mission hospital, and a few African government hospital.
Initially, when formal training of
nurses started in Nigeria, the profession was predominantly a male profession: The reason behind this is that Nigerian
culture gives man superior social status which was reflected in the fact that a
very small percentage of girls were given formal education. Most fathers believed that it was a waste of
money to invest on the education of girls.
Immediately after the end of World War
II, there was an increase in the number of male nurses because of an influx of
many soldiers that were discharged from the West African. Army Medical Corps of the British Army. The profession remained predominantly male to
such extent that male nurses were made to take change of female wards and work
on the ward as pupil nurses, student nurses and staff nurses.
The year 1952 saw the beginning of the
taking over of the nursing profession by female nurses when the University College
Hospital, Ibadan
established it’s Nursing School (the premier teaching hospital nursing school
in Nigeria). Miss Bell, a graduate of Lady Florence
Nightingale School of Nursing from St. Thomas
Hospital, London, was the first Principal of the
School. The School authority made it a
very strong rule not to accept male nurses into training. This Minimm basic education for entry into the school
was fixed as full secondary school education whereas in Government nursing
training schools the minimum acceptable educational qualification was standard VI
and Government Class IV in some regions. The UCH training was generally
accepted as superior and equivalent to SRN (State Registered Nurse) in England and Wales. Many more Teaching Hospitals Schools of Nursing were later established by the same
Principal and with the same Principles and objectives. Lagos
University, Ahmadu
Bello University,
University of Benin,
University of Nigeria,
Nsukka and the Obafemi
Awolowo University
all have nursing schools. Today, the
nursing profession in Nigeria
is predominantly a female one as female nurses have taken over population-wise
and are in position of leadership.
Nursing Legislation: The
continuous inflow of new Knowledge in health care, Science and Technology as
well as the rapid socio-economic, educational and political changes all over
the World made it necessary to regulate the training of nurses and midwives in
the Country. For example, the midwives
Board of Nigeria came into existence by the Midwives Ordinance of 1930. The first meeting of the Board was held in June, 1931. Later the Midwives Decree of 1966 put greater emphasis on the education of
Midwives and the Practice of Scientific Midwifery in the nation. The Board has the duty of determining the
standard and skill to be attained by people seeking to become members of the
Midwifery profession in Nigeria
as well as to formulate policies on registration of midwives, and maintenance
of discipline among members of the profession. Later on, the Board acted as examining body
with its own approved syllabus for Grade II and Grade I Midwifery Certificate. It is pertinent to mention that most mission
hospitals Schools of Midwifery trained Grade II Midwives, while Grade I
midwives were trained by government approved schools of midwifery.
The entry qualification and period of
training for Midwifery Grade II were standard VI and one year respectively. Among the most popular training schools for
this cadre of midwives were - Egba Native Authority
School of midwifery under Miss. Jane
Mc Cotter, whose name was almost synonyms with the training center, and Wesley Guild
Hospital, Ilesha,
Mercy Street
Hospital, now Lagos Island
Children Hospital,
was popularly Known for Grade 1 mid-wifery training.
With the midwives Board Degree 1966,
the training of Grade II midwives was phased out and a better syllabus for
training of midwives was provided.
Nursing Council of Nigeria:- The Nursing Council of Nigeria Came into
existence officially by the Nurses ordinances of August 1947. Though in the Lagos Colony, legislation had
been made for nurses but not until 1946 did the first Nursing ordinances came
out, and this came into operation in August, 1947. This ordinance for the first time laid down
requirements for the education, examination, registration and discipline of
nurses. The practice of organized nursing service and training at the period
was characterized by what we now refer to as phase one of nursing development,
a time when training of nurses was purely apprenticeship type of training and
when emphasis was upon physical aspects of nursing and medical care of hospital
patients.
The First Phase: received
impetus as a result of the Goldmark Report of 1923 which had as its objectives
a study of general nursing education with a view to developing a programme for
further study and recommendation of procedure. This study led to a shift in focus of nursing
practice from a primary emphasis on physical aspects of nursing patients in
clinical units of hospitals to the inclusion of general nursing of patients and
families in homes and health agencies.
The Second Phase: began with the completion of the Brown
Report in 1948 which had as one of its major objectives to receive nursing
service and education in terms of what is best for society. This eventually led
to the extension of the concept of professional nursing practice to include
comprehensive nursing that is nursing the body and the mind, with all other
social needs of patients. In a nutshell, this means effective planning and
implementing nursing care for each individual person according to his
particular needs.
The Third phase: Nursing today is characterized by a sharp shift to
scientific nursing by principles and concepts rather than by rigid rules of
procedures.
THE INDEPENDENT NIGERIA: Nigeria
as a political entity came into formal existence in 1914 with the amalgamation
of the Northern and Southern British protectorates. The imposition of British rule culminated in
the birth of a nation. The nation
achieved independence on October 1, 1960.
On October 1, 1963 Nigeria
became a republic. As I have elucidated
in the introductory aspect of this discourse, the history of nursing as a
profession has a lot in common with the political and socio-economic history of
the Country. After independence, there
was an increase in the level of education, increase awareness of the quiet
evolution taking place in the nursing world as a result of the impact of
World-wide technological and industrial development. There were also changes in the structure of
hospital organization, the management of health care industry, the concept of
patient, care plus the activities of the World Health Organization. All these influenced the nation’s health care
planners to develop a new philosophy of health care different from the Colonial
heritage.
Nigeria as a young nation has about
80% of her population living in rural areas and a perennial shortage of doctors
and trained nurses. Mindful of the fact
that the type of nursing training provided determines the type of quality of
nursing care the society gets, and mindful of their statutory obligation and
responsibility for the nursing education and training in the Country, the
Nursing Council of Nigeria decided to set up a committee to revise the system
of nursing education in the Country. The
committee submitted the new standard of Nursing Education Syllabus which was
approved in 1965.
The Committee was to look into the
existing working situation in the Country with regards to the performance of
certain traditional functions of doctors by nurses. They were to examine the possibility of
including some of these functions in the basic programme without conflicting
with the international responsibility of nursing. Professor F. O. Okedeji of the University of Ibadan was unanimously elected as the
Chairman of the Committee, while Mrs. S. O. Savage, Deputy Chief Nursing
Officer, Federal Ministry of Health was appointed Secretary to the
Committee. After the untimely death of
professor Okedeji, Professor (Mrs.) E. O. Adebo, Head, Department of Nursing
University of Ibadan took over the Chairmanship of the committee. Other members of the committee included –
§ Miss. O.
O. Kujore – Head, Dept of Nursing and Medical Rehab, O.A.U. Ife.
§ Mrs.
O. O. Alade – Principal School of Nursing, UCH, Ibadan.
Alhaji D. A. Adamu, Principal Nursing Officer, Ministry of Health Kano.
§ Mr.
P. O. Odeh, Chief Nursing Officer, General Hospital Makurdi, Benue State.
§ Mrs.
N. N. I. Nwangwu, Matrim, University Teaching Hospital, Enugu,
Anambra State.
§ Prof.
O. Ransome Kuti, Head, Dept. of Paediatrics
Lagos University
Teaching Hospital, Lagos
and Director Primary Health Service Scheme.
§ Mr.
J. A. Akinsanya, Deputy Secretary/Registrar (Education), Nursing Council of Nigeria.
§ Dr.
A. B. Sulaiman, Director Health Planning Directorate, Federal Ministry of
Health, Lagos.
§ Mrs.
Akpofure, Chief Education Officer, Federal Ministry.
§ Mrs.
R. O. Sosanya, Principal School of Midwifery, Ijebu-Ode.
The
Committee believed that sound educational principles are essential ingredients
to prepare nurse for their functions, that the basic nursing education
programme should be geared both to the learning needs of the students and
health needs of the community to be served.
This way, the students’ critical faculties and skills in problem solving
will improve greatly. Based upon the
above information, the committee adopted philosophy of nursing to be based on
nature of nursing care and the nature of
nursing.
The pioneering Nurses ordinance of
August, 1947 was replaced by the Nurses Act of 1957 and the Nurses ordinance of
1959, a new ordinance enacted to reflect the new political structure in the
Country following the introduction of the MacPherson constitution in 1954.
The new ordinance reconstituted the
defunct Nursing Council of Nigeria. It
provided for the inclusion of members representing their regions membership of
the Council was increased to 21, all of whom, except two were nurses. It has representatives from all the states of
the federation. The Nurses Amendment
Act, 1974 No 30 (20th July, 1974) provided for inclusion of three
registered, nurses appointed by the minister from nursing organizations.
EVOLUTION OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING IN NIGERIA
The first formal training centre for
psychiatric nursing in Nigeria
was established at Lantoro Hospital, Abeokuta
in 1950. The centre offered “Selection
Course” for inspectors and clerical officers who were interested and sufficiently
motivated to study psychiatric Nursing. Government scholarships were made
available for those found suitable for training. Many lunatic attendants from Yaba Asylum (now
Psychiatric Hospital) Yaba, Lagos
and from Calabar took advantage of selection course.
The course was run by Mr. Osita Aduba,
the first male Nigerian male Nursing council registrar. It paid good dividend as great improvement
was observed in the system of nursing in Lantoro. Chaining and locking up of patients
disappeared. The year 1954 witnessed the
arrivall
of professor Lambo, the first Nigerian Psychiatrist from England to Lantoro
Asylum and Aro Mental Hospital Abeokuta.
He improved on the “Selection Course” and established the premiere school of psychiatric nursing, Aro
Hospital Abeokuta in 1954 with 27 male and female student nurses under the
tutorship of Mr. Maxwel, an expatriate nursing superintendent.
The Nursing Council of Nigeria gave the
school recognition in 1958. The first
qualified nurse tutor of the school was Mr. D.A. Babayode who was also the
first Nigerian psychiatric nurse tutor.
Psychiatric nursing education has gone
through different phases of development.
Schools of nursing throughout the States of Nigeria now operate the new
syllabus. This new syllabus includes 8
weeks of introduction to the principles and concepts of psychiatric nursing,
thereby improving tremendously the quality of nursing education.
GROWTH OF PUBLIC
HEALTH NURSING IN NIGERIA
Qualified health visitors were
recruited from United Kingdom
by the government to start the training of public health nursing in Nigeria. Locally trained mid-wives grade II were also
recruited by government as student health visitors in training. Period of training for this cadre was 3½ years. At present, Nigeria has schools scattered
throughout the federation for the training of public health nurses and
University matters’ degree programme for the award of MPH.
POST – BASIC NURSING
EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
Post
– basic nursing education is a formal structured post registration nursing
course of not less than one academic year.
Nurse Tutors Programme: The
nurse tutors training programme was started at the National
Technical Teachers
College, Lagos
by the Federal Ministry of Health in 1969.
The programme was started due to acute shortage of nurse tutors which
became glaring after the creation of states – and opening of new schools of
nursing and midwifery. The programme
started as a crash programme of one academic year duration and was supposed to
fold up after a few years. However, due
to the creation of more states which gave rise to the need for opening more
schools of nursing, midwifery, psychiatry, public Health and the establishment
of Schools of health technology, the Ministry had no choice than to carry on
the programme and even established similar programmes at the institute of
Management and Technology, Enugu (1976), the Polytechnic Kaduna (1977) and UCH,
Ibadan (1977/78): An evaluation of this
programme after five years of existence showed that one year was not sufficient
to prepare students for the diverse functions they were supposed to perform at
the end of the course. The two year
programme was started in 1975.
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN POST – BASIC (BSC) NURSING PROGRAMME
The post-basic nursing degree programme
at the University
of Ibadan was established
in 1965 as a joint effort of the Federal Government of Nigeria, World Health
Organization (WHO), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). The purpose of the programme was to prepare
registered as nurse tutors and nurse administrators to meet the needs of the
rapidly expanding health services in Nigeria
and Africa as a whole. This programme has metamorphosed into
training generic nurses as it happens now in many of Universities offering
nursing courses.
ADVENT OF NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIAN NURSES AND MIDWIFES (NANNM)
The first nurses organization was the
defunct Nigerian Nurses Association (NNA) registered in 1943. It had as foundation members a very high
percentage of nurses trained locally in Nigeria
who represented a majority of nurses serving in Nigeria. The association was officially registered as a
trade union in 1943 by Mr. Kuti. Late
Mr. N. A. Cole, the first full time general secretary was the president of the
Trade Union Congress of Nigeria between 1945 and 1948. Although not a nurse by
profession, Mr. Cole (Late) fought bravely and deligently to promote the growth
and development of nursing in Nigeria
until his retirement in 1973 and death in 1975.
Mr. Cole was succeeded by Mr. S. S. Okezie who was assisted by Chief
Adeleke as Deputy General Secretary, Headquarters. Hon. Yinusa Kaltungo was assistant Secretary
in charge of Northern Zone while Mr. Moses Olabode (now Kabiyesi) was assistant
general Secretary in charge of Western Zone.
The Association headquarters was No.13,
Broad Street, Lagos, Nigeria while the zonal offices were at Ibadan, Kaduna and Enugu, with branches
spread all over the country. Every unit
hospital had a branch. Among the first
pioneering associations that contributed immensely to the growth and
development of nursing were nurses associations of various cadres that had
evolved for themselves new philosophy, objectives and constitution quite
different from the Nigeria
Nurses Association. They include:-
Ø Professional
Association of Trained Nurses of Nigeria (PATNON)
Ø Professional
Association of Midwives of Nigeria
(PAMON)
Ø Nigeria
Association of Nurse Tutors
Ø The
University Graduate Nurse Association
Ø The
Professional Health Visitors Association of Nigeria
Ø Nigeria
Industrial Nurses Association
Ø Guild
of Registered Nurses of Nigeria.
Toward
the end of 1970 and early seventies, there was fusing of activities between NNA
and PATNON. Resolution for unity between
the two associations were passed at the N.N.A. national conferences in 1972 and
1974 in Benin and Ilorin respectively. PATNON passed similar resolution at its own
conferences at Benin in 1973
and Ibadan,
1974. These were followed with series of
exchanges of correspondences, joint meetings of the executives of both
associations.
NIGERIAN NURSES AND THE INTERNATIONAL
COUNCIL OF NURSES (I.C.N.)
In
1957 representatives of Nigerian Nurses were sent to the eleventh Quadrennial
Congress of the International Council of Nurses held in Rome as observers. In 1961 PATNON was given full admission into
the ICN at the 12th Quadrennial Congress held in Melbonrne, Australia. On that occasion six nurses from Nigeria
represented PATNON. Dr (Chief) (Mrs.)
K.A. Pratt at the thirteen Quadrennial Congress was elected the first Coloured
and African 3rd Vice-President of ICN. As one of the prices PATNON had to pay in
order to promote one united nurses association for Nigeria, the association
transferred its membership in ICN to the newly organized all-embracing National
Association of Nigeria Nurses and Midwives (NANNM). Nigerian nurses have since continued and
shall continue to play major and effective role in all the activities of ICN.
Nigeria As A Member of the West
African College
of Nursing
The idea of establishing a West African
College of Nursing was first mooted during the deliberations of the Assembly of
Health Ministries in Lagos, Nigeria in November, 1973, by Alhaji Aminu Kano,
Federal Commissioner for Health,
Nigeria. During her first meeting held in Tema, Ghana
in 1976, a resolution was passed that a special committee on Nursing Education
in West Africa should be set up by the West
African Health Community to examine existing facilities for nursing education
in the Sub-region. Nigeria as a
foundation member of West African College of Nursing has remained an active
member of the organization.
TRADE DISPUTE BETWEEN NANNM AND FEDERAL
MINISTRY OF HEALTH: By
the first week of April 1979, NANNM had come out with a comprehensive
memorandum, which was submitted to the Federal Ministry of health on the 18th
April, 1979. This could be described as
the beginning of a long stretch of historical events, which eventually ushered
in professional recognition for Nursing in Nigeria. On 14th May, 1979, the Federal
Ministry of health acknowledged receipt of the memorandum, stating that the
Ministry was studying the recommendations and concluded that the association
would be contacted if necessary before decision was taken on the issues raised.
On the 27th August 1979, the
Ministry of Health’s letter was received by the Secretariat. Unfortunately, the letter, which was a long
awaited reply to the Association’s memorandum, brought Nursing profession down
to the very pedestal of professional ladder.
While the Ministry accepted Nursing as profession on its own right, it
disagreed that Nursing should have equal remunerations and privileges with
other professions. Based on that new
development, an emergency meeting of NEC was convened to deliberate on the
Ministry’s letter. The outcome was a
letter to the Ministry informing it the decision of the association to embark
on industrial action effective from September 6, 1979.
In response, the Ministry arranged for
an emergency meeting with NANNM to resolve the looming crisis. The meeting took place on 5th
September, 1979, a day prior the industrial action of NANNM.
The Federal Commissioner for Labour by
an instrument, dated 6th September, 1979, referred to the industrial
Arbitration. Panel the dispute ousting
between NANNM herein after referred to as the 1st party and the
Federal Ministry of Health herein after called the 2nd party. When the case was first mentioned on Tuesday
11th September, 1979, both parties were ordered to file their
memorandum and exchange same with each other on or before the 24th
September, 1979.
After very careful and anxious
consideration of the evidence adduced on behalf of the NANNM, the Federal
Ministry of health and Department of Establishments in the office of the Head
of service of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and the final submission in the
case, the Tribunal: (i) agrees with the
hereby confirms the needs of Agreements reached between the two parties.
(ii) reject the classification of nursing as
system maintenance.
The history of Nursing is very
inexhaustible that cannot be curtailed by this write-up, unless one is making a
textbook. Therefore, having chronicled
the journey so far, let us elucidate on the Way forward.
Sponsorship of Nurses by
NANNM: NANNM has magnanimously
sponsored some willing nurses for Masters and Ph.D Programme in Nursing and
equally some nurses have benefited from NANNM in terms of tuition apart from
those that were sponsored fully.
Harmonization of Salary
Structures and Nomenclature: NANNM has been meeting with
government to ensure that there must be a unified nomenclature for all nurses
and the salary package should be commensurate with the qualifications.
THE WAY FORWARD:-
1.
The public image/perception of nurses is
currently low in Nigeria
vis-Ã -vis other professions particularly among health care professionals. As a professional association, NANNM should
have a “watch dog” within its organization in each unit of its umbrella to
watch nurses in providing quality care with positive attitude and behaviour in
nursing care delivery. This will serve as tool to modify the image
positively.
2.
Involvement of Academics at any meeting of
NANNM with stake holders and in any sensitive discourse.
3.
The minimum entry requirement into clinical
area should be BNSc.
4.
Whenever the ideal of HND becomes
implementation, there must be a true post HND programme for the holder of HND
that will make the holders to be at per with the BNSc holders so that the two
graduates can enter the University for their post graduates without
discrimination.
5.
All the current post basic programmes should
be named by competent lecturers with the at least MSC (Nursing) in order to
serve as the bridge the gap between the BNSC and HND holders.
6.
NANNM should have its umbrella to
accommodate other professional groups but any of these groups should not feel
superior or at par with NANNM.
7.
All Academics in the departments of Nursing
should be made financial members of NANNM in such a way that whatever
contribution that comes to GNAN a part of it should be paid to NANNM.
8.
NANNM should encouraged as a matter of
urgency all the department of Nursing to commence a part-time BNSC programme,
and by extension assist the Open University to commence the true Nursing
programme the way, it should be.
9.
NANNM as a professional association that
should be a pressure group should be more aggressive in enforcing disciplines
in all our health care institutions and I am suggesting that, each branch
should have inspectorate division that will interact with directorate of
Nursing services periodically. The
members should be given stipens to serve as morale booster.
10.
National Committee on Evidence based Nursing
practice – In order to maintain suis generic, the NANNM should establish and
maintain a national committee on evidenced based nursing practice. This committee if established, should ensure
that ritualistic behaviour of carrying out our nursing care is dropped and
accept current practice based on evidence.
11.
Internship – NANNM should put more weight on
the operationalization of internship for graduate nurses as this will assist
the placement of nurses in the carrier structure.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: This discourse was divided into introduction,
pre-colonial era, Colonial era, independence Nigeria, Era of NANNM, advent of
WACN, partnership with PCN, trade dispute with Federal Ministry of Health,
amalgamation of all nurses professional association into NANNM and the way
forward conclusively, NANNM should be commended for sustaining nursing as a
professional and for its ability to sponsor academically inclined nurses for
further education at MSC up to Ph. D irrespective of tribes and religion
affiliation.
I hope, with this discourse, I have
been able to add to our knowledge on the historical perspective of nursing
profession and I have equally preferred way forward to the best of my ability.
I wish us all a good deliberation at
this biennial and quadrennial conference.
Long live Nigeria, Long live Nursing and Long
live NANNM.
Thanks
for listening and God bless.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adelowo, E.O.
(1989). Nursing Profession in Nigeria, Lantern Books Nigeria.
Babajide .O.
(1991). A decade of the NEMCN in the Web
of Government Decrees, New Era Nursing Image Publication, Nigeria.
Babajide .O.
(2002). The Nigerian Nurse on the scale
of Law. O.A.U. Dress, Ile-Ife,
Nigeria.
Ojo A.O.
(2012). Twenty First Century Nurses: Expectations, Prospects and Challenges. A Paper Presented and induction Ceremony of
Nursing Students of Dept. of Nursing Lautech, Ogbomoso.
Nwagwu A.S.
(2003). Concepts And Ethics in Nursing,
A basic text for Colleges & Schools of Nursing And Midwifery, Solos Group
Associates, Owerri, Nigeria.
This is a good paper however, it would have been better if the writer had included some information on the development of postgraduate nursing education in Nigeria, challenges and prospects.
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